Archaeology Definition - Archaeology, derived from Greek, archaeo which means "ancient" and logos, "science". Alternative name of archeology is a science of history of material culture. Archaeology is the study of culture (human) past through systematic review of the data material left behind. Systematic review covers the discovery, documentation, analysis, and interpretation of data in the form of artifacts (material culture, such as stone axes and temple) and ekofak (environmental objects, like rocks, form the earth, and fossils) and features (artefaktual that can not be released from place (archaeological site) .. typical research technique is digging (excavation) archaeological, although the survey also received a sizable portion.